12 Components of a Strong Vision Health System of Care: Components 1 and 2-Family Education and Comprehensive Communication/Approval Process.

The National Center for Children's Vision and Eye Health (NCCVEH) at Prevent Blindness partnered with the National Association of School Nurses (NASN) to provide guidance for school nurses responsible for screening the vision of preschool and K-12 students. Goals of this national partnership are to (1) standardize approaches to vision health, (2) facilitate follow up to eye care for students who do not pass vision screening, (3) provide family/caregiver friendly educational information, and (4) consult with leading pediatric eye care experts to promote evidence-based best practices. The NCCVEH/NASN partnership created a Vision and Eye Health page on the NASN website ( https://www.nasn.org/nasn-resources/practice-topics/vision-health ). This resource is organized according to the 12 Components of a Strong Vision Health System of Care. The 12 components emerged as the NCCVEH considered vision screening from a systems perspective. This systems perspective addresses key activities along the entire spectrum of care that supports a child's vision health-beginning with parent/caregiver education and ending with an annual evaluation of the school's vision health system. Each of these 12 components will be described in 4 installments of NASN School Nurse in 2019. This installment describes the first two components: Family Education and a Comprehensive Communication/Approval Process.

Estrategias de comunicación de los profesionales de enfermería con personas sordas o ciegas / Nurses’ communication strategies used with deaf/blind people

Objetivo principal: Explorar estrategias de comunicación de los profesionales de enfermería con personas sordas o ciegas en la atención sanitaria. Metodología: Revisión bibliográfica con búsqueda en 16 bases de datos de la producción científica relacionada. Resultados principales: Los profesionales no emplean estrategias exitosas de comunicación porque carecen de conocimientos y habilidades pertinentes, pudiendo llegar a sentir miedo, ansiedad, impotencia, frustración, vergüenza y negación. Esto interfiere en la calidad de la atención, dando lugar a malentendidos, errores en la toma de decisiones y en desconfianza. Conclusión principal: El acceso de las personas sordas o ciegas a los servicios de salud está limitado por una deficiente comunicación asistencial que exigiría una urgente formación de sus profesionales

Objective: To explore nurses' communication strategies used with deaf/blind people in healthcare. Methods: Literature review, searching into 16 data bases in order to find related scientific production. Results: Nurses do not use successful communication strategies because they lack relevant knowledge and skills regarding this matter; they can feel fear, anxiety, powerlessness, frustration, embarrassment and denial. This interferes with care quality, leading to misunderstandings, mistakes in decision making and lack of confidence. Conclusions: Deaf/blind people’s access to healthcare is constrained by a poor care communication that needs an urgent professional’s training

Simulación en oftalmología secundaria a desprendimiento de retina crónico / Simulation in ophthalmology secondary to an chronic retinal detachment

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Preventing vision loss among students through eye safety and early detection.

Childhood vision problems that are detected and treated early can, in many cases, see improved outcomes compared with those detected late. Untreated, these problems can diminish the learning potential of the student and have long-term health and vision implications. School nurses can play a critical role in improving student outcomes by bringing vision screenings and eye health education to their schools. NASN and the National Eye Institute are working together to elevate awareness in schools about the importance of early detection and eye health and safety. While vision screenings can catch potentially worsening issues early, eye health education can teach children to adopt safe practices at a younger age and recognize changes in their vision. There may be barriers, but nurses can find support from those in their schools and the surrounding communities.

Burden and depression in the caregivers of blind patients in India.

PURPOSE: Several studies have examined the rates of depression in caregivers of patients with debilitating neurologic diseases. This study describes the degree of burden and the prevalence of depression among individuals caring for legally blind patients. To the best of our knowledge, no prior studies in the ophthalmic literature have reported this relationship. DESIGN: Clinic-based, cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: We included 522 individuals in Rampur, India, providing care to their close family relatives who were legally blind. Visual acuities varied from 20/200 in the best eye, to no light perception (NLP) in each eye. METHODS: Several surveys were completed by the caregivers of patients whose sole impairment was visual, allowing us to quantitatively and selectively assess burden and depression among caregivers of blind patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The Burden Index of Caregivers (BIC) was used to measure care burden and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale was applied to determine depression. RESULTS: Caregivers of patients with NLP experience higher burden than caregivers of patients with lesser degrees of blindness. Daily hours spent on close supervision and the intensity of care-giving were the definitive factors linked to high BIC scores (P<0.01). The prevalence of caregiver depression increased with degree of visual impairment from 16% in the 20/200 group to 48% in the NLP cohort (P<0.01). Independently related variables for depression in caregivers were daily hours required for close supervision of the patient, intensity of care-giving, low household income, and the caregiver being the parent of a blind adult child (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Severity of blindness in patients directly correlated with burden in caregivers. More severe forms of blindness meant patients require more help with their activities of daily living and additional hours of close supervision per day, both of which increase care burden. The same 2 factors also increase risk of caregiver depression along with low household income and the caregiver being the parent of a blind adult child. Awareness of the extent of burden and depression among caregivers of blind individuals is required by vision health personnel to identify at risk caregivers and implement effective interventions and support strategies.

An end in sight for avoidable blindness.

This article reports on the experiences of nurse volunteers who help treat avoidable eye conditions among the world's poorest people.

Retinopathy of prematurity: an eye toward better outcomes.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) results from the abnormal growth of blood vessels in the vascular bed supporting the developing retina. Estimated to cause up to 500 new cases of blindness in the U.S. each year, ROP affects primarily infants born at less than 1,500 g. Although its etiology is not well understood, ROP is thought to occur as a result of a complex interaction between oxygen and vascular growth factors. This article briefly reviews the history of ROP, discusses its pathophysiology, and addresses the risk factors and strategies for prevention.

Low vision and blindness among midlife and older adults: a review of the nursing research literature.

The number of midlife and older adults with visual impairment is expected to double by the mid-2020s. There has been little research on low vision and blindness in the nursing literature to date. Existing studies tended to be qualitative and preliminary in nature and most had small sample sizes. The risk of visual impairment increases with age and is a common comorbidity among the aged chronically ill.

Construção e validação de um modelo de comunicação não verbal para o atendimento de enfermagem a pacientes cegos / Construction and validation of a model of non-verbal communication for the nursing attendance the blind patients

Objetivou-se validar um modelo de comunicação não-verbal para atendimento de enfermagem à clientela cega, segundo o referencial teórico de E.T. Hall (1986). Trata-se de um estudo metodológico, desenvolvido no LabCom_Saúde do Departamento de Enfermagem da UFC, no período de outubro de 2007 a junho de 2008. Foram selecionados 15 cegos e 15 enfermeiros para comporem cada grupo, treinado e não-treinado e ambos tiveram as mesmas características. Os cegos foram contatados por meio da Associação dos Cegos do Estado do Ceará e os enfermeiros a partir dos Centros Acadêmicos. A fase de coleta de dados do grupo não-treinado deu-se durante o mês de abril de 2008, por meio de consultas. Estas ocorreram dentro do LabCom_Saúde e os dados foram coletados por meio de filmagens. O primeiro passo para a construção do modelo foram os estudos realizados acerca da teoria de Hall (1986). Subdividiu-se a consulta de enfermagem em quatro etapas denominadas etapas do cuidado. Em cada etapa de cuidado são orientadas as ações do enfermeiro, descreve-se a ação e como deve ser desenvolvida tal ação. A etapa do cuidado 1 refere-se à organização do ambiente para desenvolver a Consulta de Enfermagem. Na etapa do cuidado 2 o enfermeiro deve receber o paciente na entrada do consultório para introduzi-lo no ambiente onde será realizada consulta e deve cumprimentá-lo e informar a localização dos móveis e objetos. Já a etapa do cuidado 3 aborda o desenvolvimento da CEnf propriamente dita. A etapa do cuidado 4 constitui-se a última etapa do modelo de comunicação não-verbal e enfoca a finalização da consulta e o encerramento da comunicação com o paciente. Após ser construído, o referido modelo foi submetido à validação aparente e de conteúdo...